Unit 3 Population Puzzle: Examining Earth’s Sustainable Limits

Wrap Up

A. Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.

Script
Sarah :
Hey Minjun, I heard that South Korea’s fertility rate is really low. What’s going on with that?
Minjun :
Yeah, that’s right, Sarah. South Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world. In 2022, it dropped to about 0.78 children per woman.
Sarah :
Wow, that’s really low. Why is it happening?
Minjun :
There are several reasons. High living costs, particularly housing, long working hours, and a competitive job market make it difficult for many young people to start families. There’s also a cultural shift where more people prioritize career and personal freedom over having children.
Sarah :
That makes sense. What is the South Korean government doing to try to change this?
Minjun :
The South Korean government has implemented several measures to encourage higher birth rates. They’ve increased parental leave, provided more financial support for childcare, and even offered cash incentives for having more children.
Sarah :
Do you think these measures are working?
Minjun :
So far, they haven’t been very effective. Despite the government’s efforts, the fertility rate continues to decline. Many people feel that the support isn’t enough to make up for the high cost of living and work-related pressures.
Sarah :
What else could the government do to help?
Minjun :
Some experts suggest that more comprehensive changes are needed. For example, creating a more family-friendly work environment, improving job security, and making housing more affordable could make a bigger impact. Also, promoting a cultural shift towards valuing family life might make a difference.
Sarah :
It’s such a complex issue. I hope things improve soon.
Minjun :
Me too, Sarah. It’s important for the future of any country to have a stable population. South Korea’s situation shows how economic, social, and cultural factors all play a role in family planning.