How people think about disability affects how they feel about disability. People have various individual perspectives on disability, yet there are two models of disability ― cultural and social.
The cultural model of disability is a perspective that views disability as a natural and normal variation of the human experience, rather than as a medical or social problem. According to this model, disability is seen as a part of human diversity and is valued as a unique aspect of a person’s identity and culture.
This model emphasizes that disability is not just an individual characteristic but also a social and cultural phenomenon. It recognizes that people with disabilities have their own history, language, and culture, and that disability is important to human diversity.
In this model, disability is celebrated as a valuable and meaningful aspect of a person’s identity. It emphasizes the need for greater representation and participation of people with disabilities in cultural and artistic activities, as well as in all aspects of society.
The social model of disability is a perspective that views disability as a result of social and environmental barriers, rather than as an inherent characteristic of an individual. According to this model, it is not the deficiency or difference itself that creates disability. Instead, it is the attitudes, along with physical and social barriers within society, that exclude and limit people with disabilities from fully participating in society.
In the social model of disability, disability is seen as a socially constructed concept, created by societal norms and attitudes towards individuals who differ from the norm. It emphasizes that the focus should be on removing barriers to full participation in society rather than "fixing" the individual with a disability.
This model has had a significant impact on disability rights and advocacy, promoting the idea that people with disabilities should have equal access and opportunities and bringing about awareness of the need for changes in society that make it more inclusive and accessible for everyone.