2022_심화영어

164 Appendices way and productivity decreases. As a result, profits start to decline. The optimal number of waiters for a restaurant will vary depending on the size of the restaurant, the type of food it serves, and the number of customers it typically serves. However, this concept shows that there is a point at which adding more waiters will no longer increase profits. Communication Task 2 p. 73 STEP 1 A. M: Supply and demand is an economic principle that determines the price of goods and services. Supply refers to the amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a given price. Demand refers to the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price. The price of a good or service is determined by the interaction of supply and demand. If supply exceeds demand, the price will fall until demand meets supply. If demand exceeds supply, the price will rise until supply meets demand. B. W: The law of the invisible hand is an economic principle introduced by Adam Smith in which individuals pursuing their own self-interest in a free market economy unintentionally benefit society as a whole. According to this principle, the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market leads to an efficient allocation of resources and the maximization of overall economic welfare. The invisible hand refers to the unseen forces that guide market activity without any central coordination. It is an important concept in classical economics and has influenced many modern economic theories and policies. STEP 4 W: Scarcity and choice are two fundamental concepts in economics. They explain why we have to make choices about how to allocate our limited resources. For example, a student might have to choose Lesson 3 Pricing Mysteries! Interactive Communication Listen and Choose p. 71 W: Hi, I’m looking for a school bag for my daughter. She’s a high school student. What would you recommend? M: We have a range of backpacks that would be appropriate. What color are you looking for? W: I think she would like something in a neutral color, like black or gray. M: All right, let me show you a few options we have in those colors. How about this one? W: This one looks good. Does it have compartments for her laptop and books? M: Yes, this backpack has several compartments and pockets, including one that’s padded for a laptop. W: That’s great. How much does it cost? M: It’s $65. Is that within your budget? W: Yes, that’s fine. Can I just take a quick look inside to make sure it has enough space for her things? M: Of course, feel free to check it out. ( Customer inspects the bag ) W: This looks perfect. I’ll take it. Active Communication Communication Task 1 p. 72 1 . W: I’d like to say something about the relationship between the number of waiters and the profit in a restaurant. Let’s imagine Jane opened a restaurant with one waiter. The food was good, but customers had to wait too long to be served. As a result, Jane’s profits were only $4,000 per month. She decided to hire a second waiter, which increased her profits to $6,000. A third waiter boosted her profits to $6,500. However, when Jane hired a fourth waiter, her profits decreased to $5,500. This shows that there is an optimal number of waiters for a restaurant. When there are too few waiters, customers have to wait too long and profits suffer. However, when there are too many waiters, they can get in each other’s