2022_심화영어독해와작문

67 Pattern of Organization Q3 Choose all the patterns of organization that can be found in the passage. ⓐ Chronological Order ⓑ Cause and Effect ⓒ Compare and Contrast ⓓ Problem and Solution Q4 What is the resulting effects of increased human population and dominance on land? Find words which mean: • having control or influence over others: • old-fashioned and therefore not as good or as fashionable as something modern: adapt agriculture livestock dominant occur in parallel reduce emission blame densely achieve outdated 5 10 15 Environmental Challenges As more humans inhabited the Earth, they began to adapt the land for their use. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 38% of the planet’s land surface is currently used to grow food and other products for humans or their livestock. Today we are the dominant species on land. As our dominance increases, many environmental changes have been occurring in parallel. A growing number of women are joining the movement to have fewer or no children. The trend was fueled by research from 2017, which calculated that, in the developed world, simply having one fewer child could reduce a person’s annual carbon emissions by 58.6 tons, more than 24 times the savings from not having a car. In contrast, many environmentalists now believe that the problems we are currently facing are largely due to consumption rather than overpopulation, which shifts the blame away from poorer countries and toward wealthier, high-consumption nations. Many developed countries are already densely populated, and this is partly how they achieved their wealth. Denying developing countries this opportunity is seen as unfair. Some argue that the idea of an impending “population bomb” coming to destroy the planet is outdated. They point out that in the past, population trends grew rapidly, but today there are fewer than 10 countries with fertility rates over 5.