2022_심화영어독해와작문

Pattern of Organization Q2 Which pattern of organization is most evident in the passage? ⓐ Chronological Order ⓑ Compare and Contrast condemn incentive fertility halt eminently voluntary proponent shift controversy uncertainty collective 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Find words which mean: • to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons: • done, given, or acting of one’s own free will: Controlling the size of the population, known as population engineering, is a deeply divisive area. Today, any policies involving quotas or targets to increase or decrease the human population are almost universally condemned. The risk of these incentives leading to pressure or other violence is seen as too great. However, there is little agreement beyond this. At one end of the spectrum lie those who see lower fertility rates in some areas as a crisis. One demographer is so concerned about the localized drop in the birth rate in the U.K. that he has suggested taxing the childless. As of 2019, there were 1.65 children born in the country per woman on average. This is below the replacement level, the number of births required to maintain the same population size, of 2.075. The opposing view is that slowing and eventually halting global population growth is not only eminently manageable and desirable but also achievable via entirely voluntary means, such as simply helping women avoid getting pregnant and providing education. In this way, proponents of this position believe we could not only benefit the planet but also improve the quality of life experienced by the poorest citizens worldwide. On the other hand, many advocate for shifting the focus to our activities and consumption habits. Supporters argue that the quantity of resources each person uses up has greater influence, and they point out that consumption is significantly higher in wealthier countries with lower birth rates. Reducing our individual demands on the planet could lower humanity’s footprint without hindering growth in poorer countries. Amid all the controversy and uncertainty, it can be hard to know what to think. There are several ways in which the number of people on the planet might affect a few key aspects of our lives in the future— the environment, economy, and our collective well-being. The Controversial Future of Population Control 66 I Unit 3