2022_심화영어독해와작문

How are these differences in thinking, which have been around for 2,500 years, seen in East Asia and America in the 21st century? Today, if an East Asian is trying to be terribly logical in their argument, it’s considered childish. At the base of Western thought is something even more rudimentary than formal logic. It’s the concept that A equals A . A thing is itself and not some other thing. And A and not A can’t both be true. An object can’t have both the property A and the property not A ― that’s impossible. It couldn’t be more different in the East, where there’s always been a strong appreciation for what Western thinkers called dialecticism * . The principle of dialecticism is captured by the Eastern concept of the Dao, yin and yang, different quantities, different objects, different events, and different processes that compete and can contradict one another and change into one another. This way of thinking is largely foreign to Westerners. Are there any principles that contribute to this way of thinking? There is the principle of change―that reality is changing all the time. What’s currently true is soon going to be false. Additionally, the principle of contradiction explains that change is constant, and contradiction is the dynamic that underlies change. Finally, we have the principle of relationships, or holism. The whole is more than the sum of its parts, and the parts are only meaningful in relation to the whole. In one of the studies that we did, we presented college students with proverbs that either contained a contradiction or did not. So, the contradiction might have been in a proverb like “a person is stronger than steel and weaker than a fly.” Or “too humble is half proud.” To the Western mind, too humble is not proud at all. These contradictions are more readily understood and appreciated by Easterners, who tend to like these contradictions in proverbs better than Westerners do. Compare and Contrast Q6 How do the differences in thinking between East Asia and America show up in the 21st century, according to Nisbett? rudimentary property appreciation dialecticism contradict be foreign to dynamic underlie readily Lee: Nisbett: Find words which mean: • not very developed or advanced; basic: • to disagree with something, especially by saying that the opposite is true: Lee: Nisbett: Note * dialecticism : the philosophical concept that the world consists of opposite but not necessarily opposing ideas or concepts which, when put together, either negate each other or synthesize into a whole Too humble is half proud. 5 10 15 20 25 30 44 I Unit 2