2022_심화영어독해와작문

23 All those in favor Another New York Times critic, Michael Berenson, wrote that “ Tilted Arc is confrontational. But it is also gentle, silent, and private.” Proponents of the sculpture stated that removing the sculpture at the request of a few would infringe upon Serra’s First Amendment right to free speech, and, therefore, was against American values. Some emphasized that difficult artworks often become masterpieces only after an initial controversy (for example, Manet’s Olympia ). Serra and his supporters also stated that the artwork was site-specific—that it was designed specifically for the Federal Plaza space. Because Tilted Arc engaged with its surroundings, it could not simply be moved to another location like other sculptures. The removal of the sculpture from Federal Plaza would destroy it. All those opposed Opponents of Tilted Arc felt that the public had not been adequately consulted. Indeed, the GSA amended its policies in 1988 to include more public awareness programming around each of its new sculptures. Furthermore, they found the resulting sculpture to be yet another eyesore in New York City. Some argued that the sculpture “attracted” graffiti and rats. Others contended that the sculpture compromised the security and surveillance of the plaza, making the surrounding buildings more exposed to terrorist attacks. The verdict Many of those who defended Tilted Arc felt that Diamond and the rest of the jury had already made up their minds to remove the sculpture before the public forum began. Indeed, despite the fact that 122 people spoke in favor of Tilted Arc and 58 against, the jury voted to remove the sculpture. The forum, however, brought up larger issues about the audience for public art. Who was the audience for this public sculpture? Was it the 180 concerned art critics who attended the forum? The 10,000 people who worked in Federal Plaza? All New Yorkers? All Americans? Serra took the GSA to court, claiming violations of his contract, his copyright, and his right to Free Speech. A court found that the government owned the sculpture and thus could do as it saw fit. In 1989, the sculpture was removed in pieces and put in storage indefinitely. Not long after the removal of Tilted Arc , the GSA contacted landscape architect Martha Schwartz to update the plaza. Her design included long curving benches. Proponents said that this restored the “use value” of the space by allowing office workers to enjoy their lunches on the plaza, while opponents said that it made the plaza into an ordinary park space that lacked the drama and artistry of Serra’s work. Should public art be practical? Provocative? Beautiful? Who is the audience for public art? Who gets to have a say in the process of commissioning new art? The history of Tilted Arc looms over these debates. Redesigned by Martha Schwartz