2022_심화영어독해와작문

B. 1. ⓒ 2. [sample answer] The interactions between the characters reveal that they are keenly aware of social status and are actively trying to improve their positions. UNIT 5 The AI Era: Industry Innovation and Ethical Reflections Ready to Read pp. 114~116 A. Background Knowledge 1. replace / common / acceptable / reduce 2. (1) ⓑ Widespread Applications of AI (2) ⓓ AI Biases and Discrimination (3) ⓐ Human Judgment vs. AI Decision-Making (4) ⓒ Privacy and Surveillance Issues of AI Script M: AI raises three major ethical concerns: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and the essential role of human judgment. Debates about enhancing privacy protections and reducing bias in algorithms used in sentencing, parole, and hiring are now common. Yet, the most challenging question remains unresolved: whether AI can replace human judgment in critical life decisions. While some argue that AI can help minimize biases inherent in human decision-making, critics like Sandel warn that AI might not only replicate existing biases but also lend them a false appearance of scientific credibility, making them seem more acceptable. In sectors like lending, AI risks perpetuating historical discrimination if not carefully managed, highlighting the potential for institutional discrimination to resurface. B. Vocabulary Preview 1. (1) systematic disparate treatment (2) ethical implications (3) data sets (4) structural biases 2. (1) integrate (2) potential (3) critical (4) process (5) discriminate C. Reading Strategy 1. (1) F (2) O (3) O (4) F 2. • Cl aim: Dedicat ing res earch money to the development of affordable solar-powered cars would be a wise investment. • Evidence: - Solar cars would help end our dependence on fossil fuels like oil and coal, which contribute to the pollution of our atmosphere. - Solar power is a renewable resource; unlike fossil fuels, it will never run out. - Solar cars would also help the consumer save money. Panels attached to cars can collect sunlight and turn it into electricity, so no one would ever need to buy another tank of gas. • Irrelevant information: Solar-powered cars would also come in all the same colors as gas-powered cars. Reading pp. 117~123 Q1 With minimal government oversight, there’s a risk that these programs may be encoded with structural biases, leading to unfair outcomes for certain groups. Q2 Almost all major companies now have multiple AI systems and consider the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy. Q3 Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI’s proliferation, is likely to be rare. Q4 The disadvantages are that many algorithms can replicate and perpetuate existing societal biases, leading to unfair outcomes. Q5 • Fuller’s opinion on artificial intelligence: Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life en masse is overstated. He argues that biases in human decision-making have always existed in the business world and the workplace. When adjusted carefully and deployed thoughtfully, résumé-screening software can allow a wider pool of applicants to be considered and minimize the potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers. • Sandel’s opinion on artificial intelligence: Sandel disagrees with Fuller. He believes that AI not 169