2022_심화영어독해와작문

B. Vocabulary Preview 1. (1) Analytic thinking (2) Communal irrigation (3) valid argument (4) Cognitive differences 2. (1) acoustic (2) analytic (3) dogma (4) holistic (5) premise C. Reading Strategy • Japan — group / origami / academic • America — individualism / hamburgers / innovation Reading pp. 39~45 Q1 Collaborating with Eastern scholars revealed signif icant dif ferences in thinking styles, prompting Nisbett to take cultural differences seriously in his research. Q2 Eastern mentalities focus on context and social harmony, while Western mentalities emphasize individual control and often ignore social relationships. Q3 East Asians categorize based on relationships and context, like pairing a cow with grass because cows eat grass. Westerners categorize based on shared categories, like grouping a cow with a cat because they are both animals. Q4 Chinese thinkers grasped action at a distance earlier than the West. Westerners believed a physical connection was necessary, but later discoveries like magnetism challenged this notion. Q5 Forma l log ic in Greece developed due to independent activities that encouraged analytical thinking, while China’s collective agriculture required cooperation, fostering holistic thinking. This shows how economic and environmental factors shape thinking styles. Q6 East Asians value dialectical thinking, where contradictions and change are accepted, while Western thought emphasizes logical consistency. Q7 Nisbett views cultural differences positively, believing that different thinking styles help address problems. He sees the blending of analytic Western thinking and holistic Eastern thinking, as seen in South Korea’s rapid progress, as highly beneficial. live with and that becomes a reservoir for feelings — feelings that perhaps we hadn’t known until this thing was there, or feelings that couldn’t arise until it was.” The sculpture has become well-known as a symbol of Gateshead, as locals have fallen in love with it. B. 1. [sample answer] The purpose of Erkmen’s underwater bridge in Münster, Germany is to create a unique public art installation that allows visitors to walk barefoot along the canal, as if they were floating above the water. 2. ⓓ UNIT 2 Understanding Eastern and Western Cultural Differences Ready to Read pp. 36~38 A. Background Knowledge 1. cultural / situation / context / individual / social 2. (1) ⓑ (2) ⓒ (3) ⓐ Script Lee: You have devoted much of your research to the study of cultural differences, mainly between East Asian societies and Western cultures. What are some of the key discoveries you can share with us? Nisbett: Well, we can begin by talking about two different mentalities: the Eastern and the Western. For example, individuals from East Asian cultures pay attention to context to a much greater extent than Westerners do. Westerners tend to ignore context and focus on a particular thing. It could be a person they want to influence or whose behavior they want to understand. It’s often said that individuals from East Asian cultures are situation-centered. They are expected to be sensitive to their environment. Effective behavior in the East depends on being able to fit in with others and coordinate one’s actions with them. Westerners, on the other hand, are individual- centered. They expect their environment to be sensitive to them. They expect to be able to control their environment. They can safely ignore social relationships to a much greater extent than is possible for East Asians. 162 I Answers and Scripts